Allen 2020-11-17 19:38:27 16660 1 0 0 0

瀑布流布局3种方式实现

一、用JS 实现瀑布流

瀑布流布局的特点是等宽不等高。

为了让最后一行的差距最小，从第二行开始，需要将图片放在第一行最矮的图片下面，以此类推。

父元素设置为相对定位，图片所在元素设置为绝对定位。然后通过设置 top 值和 left 值定位每个元素。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <style>
        .box {
            width: 100%;
            position:relative;
        }
        .item {
            position: absolute;
        }
        .item img{
            width: 100%;
            height:100%;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="box">
    <div class="item">
        <img  src="https://imgsa.baidu.com/baike/c0%3Dbaike80%2C5%2C5%2C80%2C26/sign=3d645bf2d0ca7bcb6976cf7ddf600006/6d81800a19d8bc3efe5f64fb858ba61ea8d345af.jpg" alt="" />
    </div>
    <div class="item">
        <img  src="https://imgsa.baidu.com/baike/c0%3Dbaike92%2C5%2C5%2C92%2C30/sign=03948ea9b4315c60579863bdecd8a076/8326cffc1e178a825a6b5d1cfe03738da977e833.jpg" alt="" />
    </div>
    <div class="item">
        <img  src="https://imgsa.baidu.com/baike/c0%3Dbaike180%2C5%2C5%2C180%2C60/sign=fbc3501b0a087bf469e15fbb93ba3c49/bf096b63f6246b60ea65dd24e3f81a4c510fa273.jpg" alt="" />
    </div>
    <div class="item">
        <img  src="https://imgsa.baidu.com/baike/c0%3Dbaike150%2C5%2C5%2C150%2C50/sign=9fe1d71697ef76c6c4dff379fc7f969f/b03533fa828ba61ed2efcd184634970a304e5987.jpg" alt="" />
    </div>
    <div class="item">
        <img  src="https://imgsa.baidu.com/baike/c0%3Dbaike80%2C5%2C5%2C80%2C26/sign=3d645bf2d0ca7bcb6976cf7ddf600006/6d81800a19d8bc3efe5f64fb858ba61ea8d345af.jpg" alt="" />
    </div>
    <div class="item">
        <img  src="https://imgsa.baidu.com/baike/c0%3Dbaike150%2C5%2C5%2C150%2C50/sign=9fe1d71697ef76c6c4dff379fc7f969f/b03533fa828ba61ed2efcd184634970a304e5987.jpg" alt="" />
    </div>
    <div class="item">
        <img  src="https://imgsa.baidu.com/baike/c0%3Dbaike180%2C5%2C5%2C180%2C60/sign=fbc3501b0a087bf469e15fbb93ba3c49/bf096b63f6246b60ea65dd24e3f81a4c510fa273.jpg" alt="" />
    </div>
    <div class="item">
        <img  src="https://imgsa.baidu.com/baike/c0%3Dbaike92%2C5%2C5%2C92%2C30/sign=03948ea9b4315c60579863bdecd8a076/8326cffc1e178a825a6b5d1cfe03738da977e833.jpg" alt="" />
    </div>
    <div class="item">
        <img  src="https://imgsa.baidu.com/baike/c0%3Dbaike72%2C5%2C5%2C72%2C24/sign=f3d4063328738bd4d02cba63c0e2ecb3/a2cc7cd98d1001e910616de1be0e7bec55e797fa.jpg" alt="" />
    </div>
</div>
</body>
<script src="jquery.min.js"></script>
<script>
    function waterFall() {
        // 1 确定图片的宽度 - 滚动条宽度
        var pageWidth = getClient().width-8;
        var columns = 3; //3列
        var itemWidth = parseInt(pageWidth/columns); //得到item的宽度
        $(".item").width(itemWidth); //设置到item的宽度
        var arr = [];
        $(".box .item").each(function(i){
            var height = $(this).find("img").height();
            if (i < columns) {
                // 2 第一行按序布局
                $(this).css({
                    top:0,
                    left:(itemWidth) * i+20*i,
                });
                //将行高push到数组
                arr.push(height);
            } else {
                // 其他行
                // 3 找到数组中最小高度  和 它的索引
                var minHeight = arr[0];
                var index = 0;
                for (var j = 0; j < arr.length; j++) {
                    if (minHeight > arr[j]) {
                        minHeight = arr[j];
                        index = j;
                    }
                }
                // 4 设置下一行的第一个盒子位置
                // top值就是最小列的高度
                $(this).css({
                    top:arr[index]+30,//设置30的距离
                    left:$(".box .item").eq(index).css("left")
                });
 
                // 5 修改最小列的高度
                // 最小列的高度 = 当前自己的高度 + 拼接过来的高度
                arr[index] = arr[index] + height+30;//设置30的距离
            }
        });
    }
    //clientWidth 处理兼容性
    function getClient() {
        return {
            width: window.innerWidth || document.documentElement.clientWidth || document.body.clientWidth,
            height: window.innerHeight || document.documentElement.clientHeight || document.body.clientHeight
        }
    }
    // 页面尺寸改变时实时触发
    window.onresize = function() {
        //重新定义瀑布流
        waterFall();
    };
    //初始化
    window.onload = function(){
        //实现瀑布流
        waterFall();
    }
</script>
</html>

二、column 多行布局实现瀑布流

column 实现瀑布流主要依赖两个属性。

一个是 column-count 属性，是分为多少列。

一个是 column-gap 属性，是设置列与列之间的距离。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <style>
        .box {
            margin: 10px;
            column-count: 3;
            column-gap: 10px;
        }
        .item {
            margin-bottom: 10px;
        }
        .item img{
            width: 100%;
            height:100%;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="box">
    <div class="item">
        <img  src="https://imgsa.baidu.com/baike/c0%3Dbaike80%2C5%2C5%2C80%2C26/sign=3d645bf2d0ca7bcb6976cf7ddf600006/6d81800a19d8bc3efe5f64fb858ba61ea8d345af.jpg" alt="" />
    </div>
    <div class="item">
        <img  src="https://imgsa.baidu.com/baike/c0%3Dbaike92%2C5%2C5%2C92%2C30/sign=03948ea9b4315c60579863bdecd8a076/8326cffc1e178a825a6b5d1cfe03738da977e833.jpg" alt="" />
    </div>
    <div class="item">
        <img  src="https://imgsa.baidu.com/baike/c0%3Dbaike180%2C5%2C5%2C180%2C60/sign=fbc3501b0a087bf469e15fbb93ba3c49/bf096b63f6246b60ea65dd24e3f81a4c510fa273.jpg" alt="" />
    </div>
    <div class="item">
        <img  src="https://imgsa.baidu.com/baike/c0%3Dbaike150%2C5%2C5%2C150%2C50/sign=9fe1d71697ef76c6c4dff379fc7f969f/b03533fa828ba61ed2efcd184634970a304e5987.jpg" alt="" />
    </div>
    <div class="item">
        <img  src="https://imgsa.baidu.com/baike/c0%3Dbaike80%2C5%2C5%2C80%2C26/sign=3d645bf2d0ca7bcb6976cf7ddf600006/6d81800a19d8bc3efe5f64fb858ba61ea8d345af.jpg" alt="" />
    </div>
    <div class="item">
        <img  src="https://imgsa.baidu.com/baike/c0%3Dbaike150%2C5%2C5%2C150%2C50/sign=9fe1d71697ef76c6c4dff379fc7f969f/b03533fa828ba61ed2efcd184634970a304e5987.jpg" alt="" />
    </div>
    <div class="item">
        <img  src="https://imgsa.baidu.com/baike/c0%3Dbaike180%2C5%2C5%2C180%2C60/sign=fbc3501b0a087bf469e15fbb93ba3c49/bf096b63f6246b60ea65dd24e3f81a4c510fa273.jpg" alt="" />
    </div>
    <div class="item">
        <img  src="https://imgsa.baidu.com/baike/c0%3Dbaike92%2C5%2C5%2C92%2C30/sign=03948ea9b4315c60579863bdecd8a076/8326cffc1e178a825a6b5d1cfe03738da977e833.jpg" alt="" />
    </div>
    <div class="item">
        <img  src="https://imgsa.baidu.com/baike/c0%3Dbaike72%2C5%2C5%2C72%2C24/sign=f3d4063328738bd4d02cba63c0e2ecb3/a2cc7cd98d1001e910616de1be0e7bec55e797fa.jpg" alt="" />
    </div>
</div>
</body>

三、flex 弹性布局实现瀑布流

flex 实现瀑布流需要将最外层元素设置为 display: flex，即横向排列。然后通过设置 flex-flow:column wrap 使其换行。设置 height: 100vh 填充屏幕的高度，来容纳子元素。每一列的宽度可用 calc 函数来设置，即 width: calc(100%/3 - 20px)。分成等宽的 3 列减掉左右两遍的 margin 距离。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <style>
        .box {
          display: flex;  
          flex-flow:column wrap;
          height: 100vh;
        }
        .item {
            margin: 10px;
            width: calc(100%/3 - 20px);
        }
        .item img{
            width: 100%;
            height:100%;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="box">
    <div class="item">
        <img  src="https://imgsa.baidu.com/baike/c0%3Dbaike80%2C5%2C5%2C80%2C26/sign=3d645bf2d0ca7bcb6976cf7ddf600006/6d81800a19d8bc3efe5f64fb858ba61ea8d345af.jpg" alt="" />
    </div>
    <div class="item">
        <img  src="https://imgsa.baidu.com/baike/c0%3Dbaike92%2C5%2C5%2C92%2C30/sign=03948ea9b4315c60579863bdecd8a076/8326cffc1e178a825a6b5d1cfe03738da977e833.jpg" alt="" />
    </div>
    <div class="item">
        <img  src="https://imgsa.baidu.com/baike/c0%3Dbaike180%2C5%2C5%2C180%2C60/sign=fbc3501b0a087bf469e15fbb93ba3c49/bf096b63f6246b60ea65dd24e3f81a4c510fa273.jpg" alt="" />
    </div>
    <div class="item">
        <img  src="https://imgsa.baidu.com/baike/c0%3Dbaike150%2C5%2C5%2C150%2C50/sign=9fe1d71697ef76c6c4dff379fc7f969f/b03533fa828ba61ed2efcd184634970a304e5987.jpg" alt="" />
    </div>
    <div class="item">
        <img  src="https://imgsa.baidu.com/baike/c0%3Dbaike80%2C5%2C5%2C80%2C26/sign=3d645bf2d0ca7bcb6976cf7ddf600006/6d81800a19d8bc3efe5f64fb858ba61ea8d345af.jpg" alt="" />
    </div>
    <div class="item">
        <img  src="https://imgsa.baidu.com/baike/c0%3Dbaike150%2C5%2C5%2C150%2C50/sign=9fe1d71697ef76c6c4dff379fc7f969f/b03533fa828ba61ed2efcd184634970a304e5987.jpg" alt="" />
    </div>
    <div class="item">
        <img  src="https://imgsa.baidu.com/baike/c0%3Dbaike180%2C5%2C5%2C180%2C60/sign=fbc3501b0a087bf469e15fbb93ba3c49/bf096b63f6246b60ea65dd24e3f81a4c510fa273.jpg" alt="" />
    </div>
    <div class="item">
        <img  src="https://imgsa.baidu.com/baike/c0%3Dbaike92%2C5%2C5%2C92%2C30/sign=03948ea9b4315c60579863bdecd8a076/8326cffc1e178a825a6b5d1cfe03738da977e833.jpg" alt="" />
    </div>
    <div class="item">
        <img  src="https://imgsa.baidu.com/baike/c0%3Dbaike72%2C5%2C5%2C72%2C24/sign=f3d4063328738bd4d02cba63c0e2ecb3/a2cc7cd98d1001e910616de1be0e7bec55e797fa.jpg" alt="" />
    </div>
</div>
</body>

如果只是简单的页面展示，可以使用 column 多栏布局和 flex 弹性布局。如果需要动态添加数据，或者动态设置列数，就需要使用到 JS + jQuery。

此外，还要加上手机自适应功能。

参考资料：https://www.jb51.net/html5/691874.html

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原文鏈接：https://tdlib.com/am.php?t=SAAZo1Ar9GFJ

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